Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer occurs in the esophagus – the long, hollow tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Esophageal cancer is more common in men than women and is often diagnosed in its later stages when symptoms become more noticeable.

There are two main types of esophageal cancer: adenocarcinoma which is more common in people with long-standing gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), and squamous cell carcinoma which is more common in people who use tobacco and alcohol.

Symptoms

It is important to consult a health care provider if you notice:

• Chest pain or pressure that causes discomfort
• Trouble eating or difficulty swallowing
• Unexpected weight loss
• Indigestion or heartburn that won’t go away
• Persistent coughing or hoarseness

Risk Factors

Certain lifestyle factors and behaviors can increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer, including:

• • Obesity
  • Smoking cigarettes or using other tobacco products
  • Alcohol consumption
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
  • Certain inherited syndromes, such as tylosis or Bloom syndrome
  • Precancerous changes in the cells of the esophagus (Barrett’s esophagus)
  • Occupational exposure to certain chemicals, such as dry cleaning solvents
  • Steady habit of drinking very hot liquids

Prevention

To lower your risk of esophageal cancer, consider these lifestyle changes:

• Attend regular wellness exams
• Maintain a healthy weight through a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
• Be physically active
• Don’t smoke or if you do, quit
• Limit or avoid alcohol consumption

Screening

People with Barrett’s esophagus, a condition caused by chronic acid reflux, may undergo regular endoscopic surveillance to detect precancerous changes.

About 20,000 new cases of esophageal cancer are diagnosed each year in the US. The overall 5-year survival rate is approximately 20%, due in part to late-stage diagnosis.

Learn More About Esophageal Cancer